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Background Few studies have investigated the association between air pollution and arterial stiffness in Chinese population, and the findings are inconsistent. The problem of multicollinearity exists when modeling multiple air pollutants simultaneously. Objective To investigate potential association between air quality index (AQI) and population brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Beijing. Methods This study retrieved medical examination data of 2971 participants from the Beijing Health Management Cohort, who were under 60 years old and not yet retired, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. The most recent medical examination data available were utilized for this analysis. AQI data from 35 air pollution monitoring sites in Beijing and meteorological data (including atmospheric pressure, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) from 16 meteorological monitoring stations from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 were collected. An average AQI exposure level for 365 d before the date of physical examination for each participant was computed using inverse distance weighting. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between AQI and baPWV in Beijing, after adjusting for confounding variables including age, gender, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, medication history of diabetes, medication history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, education, smoking status, drinking status, and physical activity intensity. Subgroup analysis was performed by age, sex, presence of diabetes, and presence of hypertension. Results AQI demonstrated an overall decreasing trend during the study period and was lower in the northern regions and higher in the southern regions of Beijing. After adjusting the confounding variables, each 10 unit increase in AQI was associated with 6.18 (95%CI: 1.25, 11.10) cm·s−1 increase in baPWV in all participants, 8.05 (95%CI: 2.32, 13.79) cm·s−1 increase in the participants <50 years, 15.82 (95%CI: 8.33, 23.31) cm·s−1 increase in the female group, 10.10 (95%CI: 4.66, 15.55) cm·s−1 increase in the participants without diabetes, and 9.41 (95%CI: 4.21, 14.62) cm·s−1 increase in the participants without hypertension. However, there was no statistically significant association observed between AQI and baPWV in the age group ≥50 years, the male group, the diabetic group, and the hypertensive group (P>0.05). Conclusion An increase in long-term AQI levels is associated with an elevation in the degree of arterial stiffness. Individuals under 50 years old, females, without hypertension or diabetes are susceptible populations to arterial stiffness when being exposed to air pollution. Improving air quality may contribute to prevent arterial stiffness.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on brachial ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.A total of 7993 subjects receiving health examination at the Taihu Sanatorium of Jiangsu Province were enrolled, including 4 371 males and 3 622 females, with an average age of 55.8 years(±7.9).Information on exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index, baPWV, blood pressure, resting heart rate, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and uric acid in all subjects were collected and recorded.Based on exercise habits, subjects were divided into the no exercise group(n=489), the occasional exercise group(n=3 222, exercise<3 times or<90 min per week)and regular exercise group(n=4 282, exercise 3-5 times or >90 min per week).Results:For male subjects, differences in baPWV between the no exercise group(1 747.37±346.07 cm/s), the occasional exercise group(1 486.77±195.15 cm/s)and the regular exercise group(1 449.77±219.50 cm/s)were statistically significant( P<0.05).For female subjects, difference in baPWV between the no exercise group(1865.05±120.19)cm/s, the occasional exercise group(1 593.18±332.51)cm/s and the regular exercise group(1 227.81±150.89)cm/s were also statistically significant( P<0.05).With increased time of exercise per week, the levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, fasting blood glucose, TG and uric acid in different exercise groups decreased gradually for both men and women.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that exercise, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were independent risk factors for baPWV in men(all P<0.05)and that exercise, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and fasting blood glucose were the independent risk factors for baPWV in women(all P<0.05).Trend analysis showed that with increased time of exercise per week, the rate of abnormal baPWV decreased gradually in both men and women( χ2 values were 74.67 and 1545.54, respectively, P<0.01). Conclusions:Regular aerobic exercise can improve baPWV, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, fasting blood glucose, TG and uric acid in middle-aged and elderly people.Exercise is an independent influencing factor for baPWV in middle-aged and elderly people and exercise 3-5 times or more than 90 min per week is beneficial to cardiovascular health in middle-aged and elderly people.
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Objective:To explore the distribution characteristics of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV) in adolescents.Methods:Cross sectional survey research.A total of 1 607 adolescents aged 12-17 years from 5 middle schools in the Haidian District, Beijing from June 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled for measuring their blood pressure, weight, height and the body mass index (BMI), including 782 males and 825 females.BaPWV was measured using an arteriosclerosis detector.They were divided by the age, sex and obesity.Differences of measurement data among multiple groups were compared by one-way ANOVA, followed by the LSD test, and those between groups were compared by the two-sample t-test.The correlation between BaPWV and other indexes was assessed by the Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The median level of BaPWV in adolescents aged 12-17 years increased with age, which was 982.50 cm/s in adolescents aged 12 years, and maximum 1 113.50 cm/s those aged 17 years.BaPWV in adolescents aged 12-17 years was positively correlated with age ( r=0.936, P=0.006). Subgrouped by the sex, the median BaPWV of male and female adolescents aged 12 years was 962.25 cm/s and 997.50 cm/s, respectively, which reached 1 122.50 cm/s and 1 096.00 cm/s in those aged 17 years, respectively.BaPWV of male and female adolescents was positively correlated with the age ( r=0.903, P=0.014; r=0.945, P=0.004). In male adolescents, BaPWV was positively correlated the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, age, weight, height, BMI( r=0.308, P<0.001; r=0.289, P<0.001; r=0.478, P<0.001; r=0.190, P<0.001; r=0.315, P<0.001; r=0.109, P=0.002). In female adolescents, BaPWV also was positively correlated the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, age, weight, height, BMI( r=0.340, P<0.001; r=0.285, P<0.001; r=0.379, P<0.001; r=0.115, P=0.001; r=0.170, P=0.001; r=0.097, P=0.014). In the overall population, BaPWV was statistically significant between the obese and normal groups ( t=-3.428, P=0.001). No significant difference in BaPWV between male and female adolescents aged 12-13 years was identified ( t=0.123, P=0.902 ), but it was significantly lower in female adolescents aged 14-15 years and 16-17 years than those of age-matched males( t=2.315, P=0.021; t=2.152, P=0.032). Conclusions:The median BaPWV level in adolescents aged 12-17 years, increases with the age.Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body weight, BMI, age and height are positively correlated with BaPWV in adolescents.Obesity can increase the stiffness of blood vessels, which is influenced by the sex.
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To explore the relationship between sleep duration and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). A total of 1 755 patients with T2DM received standardized management of metabolic disease from March 1, 2018 to February 29, 2020 were included. All patients were classified into three groups according to the sleep duration: short(≤6 h), medium(>6 h to 8 h) and long(>8 h). Increased arterial stiffness was defined as baPWV≥1 600 cm/s. The prevalence of baPWV≥1 600 cm/s was 39.7%, 30.8% and 38.6% in short, medium and long sleep duration group, respectively( P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with long sleep duration( OR=1.317, P<0.05) but not short sleep duration( OR=1.169, P>0.05) had a higher risk for baPWV≥1 600 cm/s compared with the reference group with medium sleep duration. Stratified analyses by sex showed that the OR were 1.735( P<0.05) among female and 1.131( P>0.05) among male respectively for baPWV≥1 600 cm/s in long sleep duration group when compared with medium sleep duration group. Sleep duration>8 h was found to be associated with elevated baPWV in patients with T2DM. There were gender differences in the correlation between long sleep duration and baPWV.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid ( UA) level and brachial?ankle pulse wave velocity ( baPWV) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN)??Methods A total of 110 hospitalized,out?patient and healthy examinees from January 2017 to September 2017 were selected from Kailuan General Hospital??They were divided into three groups:(1)Fifty?five healthy controls were examined at the same time,and those who had no history of hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke were excluded by physical examination??(2)Thirty?four SLE patients without LN were diagnosed according to the SLE classification standard revised by the American Society of Rheumatology ( ACR) in 1997,excluding those with lupus nephritis??( 3) 21 SLE patients with LN were diagnosed according to the SLE classification standard revised by the American Society of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1997??Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression model were used to analyze the related factors affecting baPWV??Results The level of baPWV and the proportion of baPWV (≥1400 cm／s) in SLE without LN group and SLE with LN group were higher than those in healthy control group (all P＜0??05)??In SLE without LN group, baPWV was positively correlated with age, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and total cholesterol ( CHOL) ( r＝ 0??623,0??528,0??402, P＜0??01 or P＜0??05), and negatively correlated with blood uric acid(UA) ( r＝－0??371,P＜0??05),but the correlation was not significant??The correlation between UA and baPWV disappeared after after correction of age,SBP,diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by partial correlation analysis??In SLE with LN group,baPWV was positively correlated with SBP, DBP and serum creatinine ( Cr) ( r＝0??815, 0??725, 0??464, P＜0??01 or P＜0??05)??Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that SBP was independently correlated with baPWV in SLE group ( t＝2??54,P＝0??026); UA in SLE group without LN was independently negatively correlated with baPWV(t＝－2??96,P＝0??042); UA(t＝4??24,P＝0??013) and SBP(t＝7??70,P＝0??002) were independently positively correlated with baPWV in SLE group with LN??Logistic regression analysis showed that SLE was a risk factor for baPWV (≥1 400 cm／s),and the OR (95% CI) was 4??31 ( 1??56－11??88),P＝0??005,and there was statistical significance after adjusting for age,SBP,DBP,body mass index ( BMI)??However,UA was not a risk factor for baPWV (≥1 400 cm／s) (P values were 0??163 and 0??519,respectively)??Conclusion The degree of arteriosclerosis in SLE patients is higher than that in normal subjects,and the level of UA in SLE patients may be related to baPWV??
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Objective To investigate the association between serum uric acid and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) levels and to examine any possible effect modifiers among hypertensive patients in rural areas of Eastern China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Lianyungang and Anqing Cities from July to September 2013. Hypertensive patients with serum uric acid and baPWV measurements were included in this study. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between serum uric acid levels and baPWV. Results Finally, a total of 4 278 participants were included in this study. The mean age was 65.2 (standard deviation(SD):7.4) years and the mean value of baPWV levels were 1835.1 (SD: 383.4) cm/s. Regression analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between serum uric acid and baPWV levels (per SD increment, β=20.5 cm/s, 95% CI: 8.5-32.5, P=0.001. When uric acid was categorized in tertiles, a significantly higher baPWV level was found in participants in tertile 3 (≥349μmol/L)(β=51.2 cm/s, 95% CI: 23.8-78.6, P=0.001), compared with those in tertile 1(<277 μmol/L). Furthermore, the serum uric acid-baPWV association was significantly stronger in those systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥140 mm Hg (vs.<140 mm Hg; p-interaction=0.001). Conclusion There is a positive relationship between uric acid levels and baPWV among hypertensive patients, especially in those with higher SBP levels.
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It is urgent to establish a model of cardiovascular risk assessment.Pulse wave velocity(PWV),which is increased along with advancing age,high blood pressure,diabetes,and other traditional cardiovascular risks,could be used as a risk marker for global cardiovascular risk assessment.Carotid-femoral PWV has been widely applied in Western countries and used as a gold standard for arterial stiffness.However,carotid-femoral PWV has not been widely carried out in China,possibly because of methodological difficulties.Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV)is simple,economical,non-invasive and easily repeatable,and many researches on baPWV have been widely studied in recent years.Many evidences have indicated that baPWV is positively and independently correlated with the most traditional cardiovascular risk factors and arteriosclerosis-detecting indexes.Moreover,the simultaneous evaluation of the ankle-brachial index(ABI)could allow further risk stratification of high-risk individuals,which is indispensable for the management of aged people with multiple risks and many vascular diseases.
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Objective To compare the blood lipid levels of different brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in young and middle-aged people with normal blood pressure and to explore the related factors affecting baPWV.Methods From January 2014 to December 2017,the clinical data of one thousand two hundred and sixty-eight middle-aged and young people with normal blood pressure who underwent physical examination in Dongying People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Using baPWV＜ 1 400 cm/s as the standard of normal arterial stiffness,the patients were divided into normal arterial stiffness group (normal group,1 128 cases),abnormal arterial stiffness group (abnormal group,baPWV ≥ 1 400 cm/s,140 cases).The blood lipid indexes of the two groups were analyzed and compared.Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis and linear correlation analysis was used for linear correlation analysis.Pearson correlation analysis was used.Results Compared with the normal group,TC ((4.99 ± 1.10) mmol/L vs.(4.48 ± 1.03) mmoL/L,t =5.830),TG ((1.62 ± 0.27) mmol/L vs.(1.49 ± 0.23) mmol/L,t=5.102),LDL-C[(3.25±0.23) mmol/L vs.(3.11±0.16) mmol/L,t =4.712),Apo B((0.96 ±0.07) g/L vs.(0.87±0.08) g/L,t =4.297)in abnormal group all increased,and HDL-C((1.15±0.09) mmol/L vs.(1.27±0.07) mmol/L,t =4.712) decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Smoking,high FPG,high LDL-C,high Apo B,low HDL-C were the independent factors affecting baPWV abnormality (P＜ 0.05).TC,TG,LDL-C,Apo B and baPWV in abnormal group were positively correlated(P＜0.05),and HDL-C and baPWV were negatively correlated(P＜0.05).There was a linear regression relationship between LDL-C,Apo B and baPWV (P＜0.05).Conclusion The increase of LDL-C and Apo B are closely related to early arterial disease in the low-risk populations of normotensive young and middle-aged people,even the risk of blood lipid may already exist within the normal range.
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BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays protective roles against the development of vascular calcification (VC) which greatly contributes to the increased cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to find the non-traditional, kidney-related cardiovascular risk factors correlated to serum OPG and the effect of serum OPG on the arterial stiffness measured by brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in patients with the pre-dialysis CKD. METHODS: We cross-sectionally analyzed the data from the patients in whom baPWV and the serum OPG were measured at the time of enrollment in a prospective pre-dialysis CKD cohort study in Korea. RESULTS: Along with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as age, diabetes mellitus, pulse pressure, and baPWV, non-traditional, kidney-related factors such as albuminuria, plasma level of hemoglobin, total CO2 content, alkaline phosphatase, and corrected calcium were independent variables for serum OPG in multivariate linear regression. Reciprocally, the serum OPG was positively associated with baPWV in multivariate linear regression. The baPWV in the 3rd and 4th quartile groups of serum OPG were higher than that in the 1st quartile group after adjustments by age, sex and other significant factors for baPWV in linear mixed model. CONCLUSION: Non-traditional, kidney-related cardiovascular risk factors in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors were related to serum level of OPG in CKD. Serum OPG level was significantly related to baPWV. Our study suggests that kidney-related factors involved in CKD-specific pathways for VC play a role in the increased secretion of OPG into circulation in patients with CKD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01630486
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Humans , Albuminuria , Alkaline Phosphatase , Ankle , Blood Pressure , Calcium , Cohort Studies , Diabetes Mellitus , Korea , Linear Models , Osteoprotegerin , Plasma , Prospective Studies , Pulse Wave Analysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Risk Factors , Vascular Calcification , Vascular StiffnessABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the association of blood pressure variability (BPV), especially diurnal blood pressure rhythm with brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Methods: A total of 184 hypertensive patients participated this cross sectional study. Patients were divided into dippers, non-dippers, inverted dippers and extreme dippers groups according to nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) decline. baPWV and LVMI in different groups were compared. Correlation of baPWV and LVMI with blood pressure and BPV variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: After adjusted by age, BMI, hypertension duration, blood pressure in consulting room, SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 24 h, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterin, brain natriuretic peptide and ejection fraction, baPWV in non-dippers group and inverted-dippers group were significantly higher than that in dippers group and extreme dippers group (P=0.000), and LVMI was significantly higher in non-dippers group than in dippers group (P=0.001) and extreme-dippers group (P=0.022). baPWV and LVMI were both significantly correlated to age, 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP, SD value of 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP, daytime SBP and DBP, nocturnal SBP and DBP, SD values of daytime SBP and DBP, SD values of nocturnal SBP and DBP in univariate linear regression models (P<0.05). In multivariate linear regression model, baPWV was independently associated to SD value of nocturnal SBP (β=0.289, P=0.000), nocturnal SBP decline (β=-0.398, P=0.000), daytime SBP (β=0.214, P=0.001) and SD value of daytime DBP (β=0.207, P=0.002), while LVMI was independently associated to 24 h SBP (β=0.348, P=0.000) and SD value of nocturnal SBP (β=0.196, P=0.026). Conclusion: baPWV was independently correlated to SD value of nocturnal SBP, nocturnal SBP decline, daytime SBP and SD value of daytime DBP, while LVMI was independently correlated to 24 h SBP and SD value of nocturnal SBP.
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Objective@#To explore the association between the accumulation of metabolic syndrome (MS) components and abnormal brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and to investigate the effect of accumulation of abnormal metabolic components on abnormal baPWV among adult individuals undergoing routine health examination.@*Methods@#It's a cross-sectional study. Data from 9 201 stratified sampled subjects, aged between 25 to 75 years old, who took part in the annual health checkups in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province from January to December 2016, were analyzed. Blood pressure(BP), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), waist circumference(WC), triglyceride(TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterols(HDL-C) were defined as MS components. The baPWV was measured by VP-1000 (BP-203RPE Ⅲ) and ΔbaPWV (measured baPWV-reference baPWV/reference baPWV) ×100 (%)> 10% was defined as abnormal. The relationship between MS components and ΔbaPWV was analyzed by linear regression, and impact of accumulation of MS components on ΔbaPWV was analyzed by logistic regression, and the ΔbaPWV in subjects with different levels of MS components were analyzed by analysis of variance.@*Results@#(1) The linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between ΔbaPWV and MS components including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, WC, FPG, TG, while ΔbaPWV was negatively correlated with HDL-C. The β values were 0.518, 0.616, 0.208, 2.778, 1.862, -1.339, respectively (all P<0.001), indicating a strong association between ΔbaPWV and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and FPG. (2) The logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of abnormal ΔbaPWV was 2.595 times higher in MS individuals than in non-MS individuals (P<0.001). Abnormal ΔbaPWV increased in proportion with increase in numbers of the metabolic components (OR=1.913, 2.884, 3.833, 6.161, 11.176 in individuals with 1,2,3,4,5 metabolic components, respectively, all P<0.001). (3) The logistic analysis suggested that each component of MS could affect baPWV,and OR was 4.68, 2.45 for systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure and FPG. All combinations of 2 components of MS also significantly affected baPWV,and OR value was the highest (5.104(95%CI 4.281-6.085), P<0.001) for FPG+BP. All combinations of 3 components of MS significantly affected baPWV,and OR value was the highest(5.385(95%CI 4.245-6.831), P<0.001) for BP+FPG+TG. All combinations of 4 components of MS affected baPWV,and OR value was the highest (6.519(95%CI 4.731-8.984), P<0.001) for BP+FPG+WC+TG. (4) Finally, every component of MS was divided into 3 levels, their impact on abnormal ΔbaPWV was analyzed. Prevalence of abnormal ΔbaPWV significantly increased with the increasing levels of the metabolic components expect for HDL-C, the F values were 1 224.66, 832.89, 192.72, 112.79 and 56.22, respectively (all P<0.001), indicating that higher levels of metabolic components significantly affected the ΔbaPWV.@*Conclusions@#MS and accumulation of abnormal MS components are closely related with abnormal ΔbaPWV, and the combination of BP and FPG have the greatest impact on the abnormal ΔbaPWV. Analysis on the accumulation of MS components might serve as an early indicator of arteriosclerosis.
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Objective@#To investigate the impact of blood pressure and age on arterial stiffness in general population.@*Methods@#Participants who took part in 2010, 2012 and 2014 Kailuan health examination were included. Data of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) examination were analyzed. According to the WHO criteria of age, participants were divided into 3 age groups: 18-44 years group (n=11 608), 45-59 years group (n=12 757), above 60 years group (n=5 002). Participants were further divided into hypertension group and non-hypertension group according to the diagnostic criteria for hypertension (2010 Chinese guidelines for the managemengt of hypertension). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) with baPWV in the total participants and then stratified by age groups. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of blood pressure on arterial stiffness (baPWV≥1 400 cm/s) of various groups.@*Results@#(1)The baseline characteristics of all participants: 35 350 participants completed 2010, 2012 and 2014 Kailuan examinations and took part in baPWV examination. 2 237 participants without blood pressure measurement values were excluded, 1 569 participants with history of peripheral artery disease were excluded, we also excluded 1 016 participants with history of cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. Data from 29 367 participants were analyzed. The age was (48.0±12.4) years old, 21 305 were males (72.5%). (2) Distribution of baPWV in various age groups: baPWV increased with aging. In non-hypertension population, baPWV in 18-44 years group, 45-59 years group, above 60 years group were as follows: 1 299.3, 1 428.7 and 1 704.6 cm/s, respectively. For hypertension participants, the respective values of baPWV were: 1 498.4, 1 640.7 and 1 921.4 cm/s. BaPWV was significantly higher in hypertension group than non-hypertension group of respective age groups (P<0.05). (3) Multiple linear regression analysis defined risk factors of baPWV: Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that baPWV was positively correlated with SBP(t=39.30, P<0.001), and same results were found in the sub-age groups (t-value was 37.72, 27.30, 9.15, all P<0.001, respectively) after adjustment for other confounding factors, including age, sex, pulse pressure(PP), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), smoking, drinking, physical exercise, antihypertensive medications, lipid-lowering medication. (4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis of baPWV-related factors: After adjustment for other confounding factors, including age, sex, PP, BMI, FBG, TC, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering medication, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risks for increased arterial stiffness in hypertension group were higher than those in non-hypertension group, the OR in participants with hypertension was 2.54 (2.35-2.74) in the total participants, and same results were also found in sub-age groups, the ORs were 3.22(2.86-3.63), 2.48(2.23-2.76), and 1.91(1.42-2.56), respectively, in each sub-age group.@*Conclusion@#SBP is positively related to arterial stiffness in different age groups, and hypertension is a risk factor for increased arterial stiffness in different age groups. Clinical Trial Registry Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-TNC-11001489.
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Objective To investigate whether brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV),independently and jointly with the level of body mass index(BMI),affect the risk of incident diabetes with hypertension. Methods The effects of baPWV and BMI level on incident diabetes with hypertension were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank test) and multi logistical regression models after adjustment for various confounding factors. Results A total of 2 222 participants were recruited in this study. Higher baPWV (Q4) was associated with a greater risk of incident diabetes with hypertension simultaneously compared with baPWV in the lower quartiles(Q1-Q3),with HR 4.16(95% CI 2.14,8.09)in the crude model,2.52(95% CI 1.10,5.78) in modelI,and 2.45(95% CI 1.05, 5.70)in modelⅡ.The highest risk of diabetes with hypertension simultaneously was in the group with high baPWV and BMI≥25 kg/m2,with HR 11.50(95% CI 4.5,29.9)in the crude model,4.20(95% CI 1.4,13.1)in modelI,and 4.30(95% CI 1.4,13.3) in modelⅡ. Conclusions The joint effect of baPWV and BMI level on incident diabetes with hypertension simultaneously is a better predictor than their independent effect. The risk of incident diabetes with hypertension markedly increases in the subjects with BMI≥25 kg/m2and higher baPWV.
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Objective To investigate the effects of different dietary patterns on brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in northern industrial cities. Methods According to the selection criteria,from 2014 to 2015, 22436 health checkup persons were selected as the subjects of Kailuan Group,they were followed up with health examination and questionnaire investigation, at the same time, the brachial ankle pulse wave velocity was detected. According to the dietary advice given by the Chinese dietary guidelines,the proportion of animal and plant food in the food frequency questionnaire and the supply of nutrients are divided into 4 groups,which are the traditional Chinese diet group (3 585 cases),the Western diet group (13 639 cases),the balanced diet group (1 309 cases),the Mediterranean diet group (3 903 cases). Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze he risk factors of atherosclerosis. Results The mean value of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity in 22 436 cases was ( 1 462. 46 ± 320. 69) cm/s, and the incidence of peripheral arteriosclerosis was 50. 78%(11 392/22 436). The incidence of arteriosclerosis around the balanced diet group, the Mediterranean diet group,the traditional Chinese diet group and the Western diet group were 48. 82%( 639/1 309), 49. 12%(1 917/3 903),50. 49%(1 810/3 585),51. 51%(7 026/13 639),and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P＝0. 024); after adjusting other related risk factors,compared with the balanced diet group,the risk of peripheral arteriosclerosis in the Mediterranean diet group,the traditional diet group and the Western diet group was 121(95%CI:0. 557～2. 258),1. 015(95%CI:0. 663～1. 554),1. 033(95%CI:0. 677～1. 575), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of peripheral arteriosclerosis increased gradually in the balanced diet group,the Mediterranean diet group,the Chinese traditional diet group and the Western diet group, but there was no statistical significance in the risk of peripheral arteriosclerosis after adjusting other related risk factors. This Conclusion requires more large samples,long-term follow-up study to further confirm.
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Objectives:To investigate the association between serum Irisin and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (Ba-PWV) and ankle brachial index (ABI) in hospitalized adult patients. Methods: A total of 147 patients hospitalized in Fuwai Hospital were enrolled in this study. Patients with acute cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral infarction, acute myocardial infarction, hepatic and renal dysfunction as well as malignant tumor and hematopoietic disorders were excluded. Ba-PWV, brachial systolic pressure and ankle systolic pressure were measured by Complior device. Then ABI was calculated. Serum Irisin level was determined with ELISA kit. The recruited subjects were allocated to 2 groups based on Ba-PWV: high Ba-PWV group (Ba-PWV≥1 400 cm/s, n=93) and low Ba-PWV group (Ba-PWV<1 400 cm/s, n=54). According to ABI, the participants were also divided into 2 groups: low ABI group (ABI<0.9, n=31) and high ABI group (ABI≥0.9, n=116). Results: Patients in high Ba-PWV group were older, (P=0.035), had higher prevalence of hypertension (P=0.006), higher ESR (P=0.02), higher fast glucose (P=0.002) and lower serum Irisin level (P=0.007). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that serum Irisin was independently related to Ba-PWV (β=-0.559,P=0.003,OR=0.572 (0.394-0.831) . Patients in low ABI group were older (P=0.005), had higher LDL-C (P=0.004), higher total cholesterol (P=0.002), higher fast glucose (P=0.007), higher apolipoprotein B (P=0.030), less smoker (P=0.045), and lower serum Irisin level (P=0.014). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that serum Irisin was independently related to low ABI (β=-0.734, P=0.035, OR=0.480 (0.243-0.949). Conclusions The serum Irisin level is related with arterial stiffness and peripheral arterial atherosclerosis in this patient cohort.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between brachial- ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac function in patients with essential hypertension.Methods One hundred and eighty patients with essential hypertensive from January 2014 to August 2016 were collected.The patients were divided into elevated group(baPWV≥1 400 cm/s,100 cases) and normal group (baPWV < 1 400 cm/s, 80 cases) according to the baPWV value. The general data, heart function and HRV of the 2 groups were compared. Results The standard deviation of all normal-to-normal(SDNN),standard deviation of all 5-min mean NN intervals(SDANN)and proportion of number of pairs of adjacent normal-to-normal intervals by more than 50 ms(PNN50%)in elevated group were significantly lower than those in normal group: (116.3 ± 17.0) ms vs. (135.8 ± 19.4) ms, (96.0 ± 21.4) ms vs. (120.0 ± 25.1) ms and (9.3 ± 3.1)% vs. (12.0 ± 4.1)%,and there were statistical differences (P<0.01); there was no statistical difference in root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD)between 2 groups(P>0.05);the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)in elevated group was significantly lower than that in normal group:(57.2 ± 7.0)% vs.(63.0 ± 8.2)%,and there was statistical difference (P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) and left ventricular end systolic dimension (LVSd) between 2 groups (P>0.05); the interventricular septal thickness (IVST) in elevated group was significantly higher than that in normal group:(11.4 ± 2.5)mm vs.(9.5 ± 1.4)mm,and there was statistical difference(P<0.01).In patients with essential hypertension,there was a significant negative correlation between baPWV and SDNN,SDANN, PNN50%,LVEF(P<0.01),and there was a significant positive correlation between baPWV and IVST (P<0.05).Conclusions The baPWV measured in patients with essential hypertension can effectively reflect the HRV and cardiac function of the patients.
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Objective·To explore the association of blood pressure variability (BPV),especially diurnal blood pressure rhythm with brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI).Methods· A total of 184 hypertensive patients participated this cross sectional study.Patients were divided into dippers,non-dippers,inverted dippers and extreme dippers groups according to nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) decline.baPWV and LVMI in different groups were compared.Correlation of baPWV and LVMI with blood pressure and BPV variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis.Results· After adjusted by age,BMI,hypertension duration,blood pressure in consulting room,SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 24 h,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterin,brain natriuretic peptide and ejection fraction,baPWV in non-dippers group and inverted-dippers group were significantly higher than that in dippers group and extreme dippers group (P=0.000),and LVMI was significantly higher in non-dippers group than in dippers group (P=0.001) and extreme-dippers group (P=0.022).baPWV and LVMI were both significantly correlated to age,24 h SBP and 24 h DBP,SD value of 24 h SBP and 24 h DBP,daytime SBP and DBP,nocturnal SBP and DBP,SD values of daytime SBP and DBP,SD values of nocturnal SBP and DBP in univariate linear regression models (P＜0.05).In multivariate linear regression model,baPWV was independently associated to SD value of nocturnal SBP (β=0.289,P=0.000),nocturnal SBP decline (β=0.398,P=0.000),daytime SBP (β=0.214,P=0.001) and SD value of daytime DBP (β=0.207,P=0.002),while LVMI was independently associated to 24 h SBP (β=0.348,P=0.000) and SD value of nocturnal SBP (β=0.196,P=0.026).Conclusion· baPWV was independently correlated to SD value of nocturnal SBP,nocturnal SBP decline,daytime SBP and SD value of daytime DBP,while LVMI was independently correlated to 24 h SBP and SD value of nocturnal SBP.
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AIM:To study of hypertensive retinopathy and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) correlation.METHODS:Totally 89 cases 140 eyes of patients with hypertensive retinopathy in our hospital from June 2015 to December 2016 and 30 healthy subjects (60 eyes) were selected as the research objects,and were divided into the observation group and the control group,respectively.All of the subjects were examined by direct ophthalmoscope,and the results were classified according to Keith-Wagener four classification.Application of OMRON health care (China) Co.,Ltd.production of BP-203RPE network arteriosclerosis detection device for selected objects of baPWV detection.The levels of baPWV and the results of fundus examination were compared between the two groups,and the correlation between the two methods was analyzed.RESULTS:Detection of baPWV in patients was higher as the hypertension severity increased,there was statistically significant differences between groups (P＜ 0.05).The retinopathy grade was higher,the baPWV detection value was larger,the detection value of every grade was different statistically with others (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Elevated blood pressure is closely related to retinopathy and accelerated pulse wave velocity,relationship between the two values is notable,brachial ankle pulse wave velocity can be used to reflect the level of hypertensive retinopathy.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the interventional effects of 16-week aerobic exercises on the elderly's arteriosclerosis and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Twenty-seven elderly people with the average age of 62. 70 ±3. 26 joined a 16-week square dance/taijiquan exercise program that conducted 60 minutes each time, six times per week. Arterial stiffness and its related indexes such as systolic pressure(SBP), diastolic pressure(DBP), left brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (L-baPWV), right brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(R-baPWV), left ankle brachial index (L-ABI), right ankle brachial index(R-ABI), serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected at 3 time points including before exercise program, by the end of exercise for 8 weeks and 16 weeks.@*RESULTS@#① Compared with pre-exercise, the R-baPWV and R-ABI of the elderly people were decreased at the end of the 8 week, and the L-baPWV, RbaPWV, R-ABI and L-ABI were decreased significantly at the end of the 16 week. ②Compared with pre-exercise, SBP and DBP were declined markedly (<0.01, <0.05) at the end of the 8 week, SBP, DBP and pulse pressure were decreased significantly (<0.01, <0.05) at the end of the 16 week. ③Compared with pre-exercise, TC and LDL-c were declined markedly (<0.01) at the end of the 8 and the 16 week, and there was no difference of the level of TG and LDL-c between pre-exercise and post-exercise. ④There was no evident difference of serum level of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA between pre-exercise and post-exercise at the end of the 8 week. Compared with pre-exercise, the level of serum SOD, GSH-Px was increased evidently while the content of serum MDA was decreased significantly (<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sixteen-week aerobic exercises could reduce baPWV and ABI levels, regulate blood pressure, blood lipids and lipid peroxides levels of the elderly evidently, thus improve the controlling quality of atherosclerosis.
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Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Ankle , Ankle Brachial Index , Arteriosclerosis , Therapeutics , Blood Pressure , Cholesterol , Blood , Exercise , Glutathione Peroxidase , Blood , Malondialdehyde , Blood , Pulse Wave Analysis , Superoxide Dismutase , Blood , Triglycerides , BloodABSTRACT
To explore the relationship between brachial ankle artery pulse wave velocity of the (baPWV) in different estimation GFR (eGFR) groups and atherosclerosis.In 2010,2012 and 2014,eGFR and baPWV were detected in 1 427 healthy persons.As eGFR level decreased,baPWV increased accordingly with higher proportion of baPWV ≥1 400 cm/s.The percentage of eGFR lower than 60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 was similar in subgroups with different baPWV.However,the proportion of eGFR reduction ≥ 30％ decreased according to the elevation of baPWV.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated the lower the eGFR,the higher the risk of atherosclerosis.Low eGFR is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.